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Material requirements planning (MRP) is a production planning, scheduling, and inventory control system used to manage manufacturing processes. Most MRP systems are software-based, while it is possible to conduct MRP by hand as well. An MRP system is intended to simultaneously meet three objectives: * Ensure materials are available for production and products are available for delivery to customers. * Maintain the lowest possible material and product levels in store * Plan manufacturing activities, delivery schedules and purchasing activities. == History Of MRP == Prior to MRP, and before computers dominated industry, Reorder point (ROP) / reorder-quantity (ROQ) type methods like EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) had been used in manufacturing and inventory management.〔Uday Karmarkar, Getting Control of Just-in-Time, Harvard Business Review 1989〕 In 1964, as a response to the Toyota Manufacturing Program, Joseph Orlicky developed Material Requirements Planning (MRP). The first company to use MRP was Black & Decker in 1964, with Dick Alban as project leader. Orlicky's 1975 book ''Material Requirements Planning'' has the subtitle ''The New Way of Life in Production and Inventory Management''.〔Joseph Orlickly, Materials Requirement Planning, McGraw-Hill 1975〕 By 1975, MRP was implemented in 700 companies. This number had grown to about 8,000 by 1981. In 1983 Oliver Wight developed MRP into manufacturing resource planning (MRP II).〔WJ Hopp, ML Spearman ''Commissioned Paper To Pull or Not to Pull: What Is the Question?'' Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 2004〕 In the 1980s, Joe Orlicky's MRP evolved into Oliver Wight's manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) which brings master scheduling, rough-cut capacity planning, capacity requirements planning, S&OP in 1983 and other concepts to classical MRP. By 1989, about one third of the software industry was MRP II software sold to American industry ($1.2 billion worth of software).〔IE. 1991. Competition in manufacturing leads to MRP II. 23 (July) 10-13.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「material requirements planning」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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